FRIDAY, May 8
(HealthDay News)
The number of confirmed or suspected cases of swine flu in the United States was approaching 1,900, federal health officials said late Thursday, with most new cases now caused by person-to-person transmission and not some link to Mexico, as was the case when the outbreak began nearly two weeks ago.
"Only about 10 percent of confirmed cases have a travel history for Mexico," which is believed to be the source of the outbreak, Dr. Richard Besser, acting director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said during an afternoon teleconference. "This indicates ongoing transmission in communities. We would expect that as this [virus] travels more around the country that we are going to see that number go down. While there may have been introduction from travel to Mexico, the spread that's ongoing does not require travel to Mexico," he added.
Besser said there were now 1,823 probable and confirmed cases in 44 states, with most of the infections mild and leading to a quick recovery. The median age of hospitalized individuals with swine flu is 15.
The two U.S. deaths linked to swine flu occurred in individuals with multiple underlying health problems, according to a CDC report released early by the New England Journal of Medicine on Thursday. The first victim -- a Mexican toddler named Miguel Tejada Vazquez who had been treated at a Texas hospital -- suffered from a chronic muscle disorder called myasthenia gravis, and also had a heart defect, low oxygen, and problems swallowing.
The second case involved 33-year-old schoolteacher Judy Trunnell, who suffered from asthma and rheumatoid arthritis and who was 35 weeks' pregnant and in a coma when she died in a Texas hospital on Tuesday. Doctors delivered her baby girl via Cesarean section.
On Friday, the CBC reported that Canadian officials are investigating the first suspected death linked to swine flu in that country, an elderly woman in northern Alberta.
At the Thursday press conference, Besser said the CDC plans to stop concentrating on reporting numbers of cases and start concentrating on where flu activity is most pronounced in the country. "At some point reporting on individual cases no longer has value from a public health perspective, but knowing where in the country we are seeing large amounts of flu activity does remain important," he added.
Besser also addressed two other significant topics at the teleconference:
* The H1N1 swine flu, thought to be a new virus, shows similarities to strains that first infected people in the United States back in 2005.
* People may be holding "swine flu parties," where individuals knowingly expose themselves to someone with the flu, in the belief that gaining some immunity now may offer greater protection next winter if the swine flu returns in a more virulent form. Besser dismissed the idea as a "big mistake."
On Thursday, the New England Journal of Medicine released early a study by CDC researchers that said 11 cases of infection with a swine flu virus similar to that involved in the current outbreak have been recorded in the United States since 2005. These viral strains were so-called "triple-reassortant" viruses, meaning that -- like the current H1N1 strain -- they contained genes from bird, pig and human viruses.
All but two of the cases involved people who had direct or indirect contact with pigs, but "in another patient, human-to-human transmission was suspected," wrote a team led by Dr. Lyn Finelli of the CDC's Influenza Division. The patients were typically young -- with an average age of 10 years -- and four of the 11 cases were severe enough to require hospitalization, with two needing invasive mechanical ventilation. Four patients were given the antiviral medication Tamiflu and all eventually recovered, according to the report.
Cases of this type of influenza H1 virus appeared to pick up more recently, with eight of the 11 cases being reported by the CDC after June 2007, the researchers noted. The cases were spotted via the CDC's routine "passive" flu surveillance systems and additional but unidentified cases may have occurred, the experts said.
The findings suggest that "all human infections with influenza viruses of animal origin, even those that appear to be clinically mild, warrant a thorough public health investigation to assess the epidemiological risk to humans," the researchers said.
At the teleconference, Besser also discussed reports of so-called swine flu parties.
"Having swine flu H1N1 parties is a big mistake," he said. "This is a new emerging infection and we are learning more each day, but how an individual person will be impacted by the infection is not something we know. It is a big mistake. It is putting individuals and children at risk and CDC does not recommend that people follow that course."
As the outbreak continues, the CDC continues to study various aspects of the health threat to gain a better understanding of the virus, how it is spread, as well as better ways to test for it, Besser said. The research under way includes: finding a rapid diagnostic test; understanding "viral shedding" (how long people can pass the virus to others); determining how the virus is transmitted in households; and learning how well antiviral drugs work, he said.
Testing has found that the swine flu virus remains susceptible to two common antiviral drugs, Tamiflu and Relenza, according to the CDC.
On Tuesday, U.S. health officials said the outbreak of swine flu appears similar to the seasonal flu in its severity, so schools across the nation should remain open and any schools that did close should reopen.
On Thursday, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned that as many as 2 billion people around the globe could become infected by swine flu, if the current outbreak turns into a pandemic.
On Friday, the World Health Organization was reporting almost 2,400 confirmed cases of swine flu in 24 countries, with Canada, Spain and the United Kingdom having the most cases outside of Mexico and the United States.
There were 1,112 laboratory-confirmed cases in Mexico, the source of the outbreak, including 42 deaths. The United States had reported 896 confirmed cases, including two deaths, the WHO said.
On Friday, reports emerged that the swine flu has extended its spread in the Southern hemisphere, where flu season is just beginning. According to the Associated Press, Argentina and Brazil have now confirmed their first cases of swine flu, joining Colombia as South American nations reporting infections.
U.S. Human Cases of H1N1 Flu Infection
(As of May 8, 2009, 11:00 AM ET)
States # of laboratory confirmed cases
Alabama 4
Arizona 131
California 107
Colorado 25
Connecticut 4
Delaware 39
Florida 6
Georgia 3
Hawaii 5
Idaho 1
Illinois 392
Indiana 29
Iowa 5
Kansas 12
Kentucky** 3
Louisiana 7
Maine 4
Maryland 4
Massachusetts 83
Michigan 49
Minnesota 1
Missouri 9
Nebraska 4
Nevada 8
New Hampshire 3
New Jersey 7
New Mexico 8
New York 174
North Carolina 7
Ohio 6
Oklahoma 4
Oregon 15
Pennsylvania 2
Rhode Island 7
South Carolina 29
South Dakota 1
Tennessee 36
Texas 93 (2 deaths)
Utah 24
Virginia 14
Washington 33
Washington, D.C. 1
Wisconsin 240
TOTAL*(43) 1639 cases 2 deaths
*includes the District of Columbia
**Case is resident of Ky. but currently hospitalized in Ga.
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
More information
For more on swine flu, visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
